Struct kvarn::prelude::Pin

1.33.0 · source ·
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct Pin<Ptr> { /* private fields */ }
Expand description

A pointer which pins its pointee in place.

Pin is a wrapper around some kind of pointer Ptr which makes that pointer “pin” its pointee value in place, thus preventing the value referenced by that pointer from being moved or otherwise invalidated at that place in memory unless it implements Unpin.

See the pin module documentation for a more thorough exploration of pinning.

§Pinning values with Pin<Ptr>

In order to pin a value, we wrap a pointer to that value (of some type Ptr) in a Pin<Ptr>. Pin<Ptr> can wrap any pointer type, forming a promise that the pointee will not be moved or otherwise invalidated. If the pointee value’s type implements Unpin, we are free to disregard these requirements entirely and can wrap any pointer to that value in Pin directly via Pin::new. If the pointee value’s type does not implement Unpin, then Rust will not let us use the Pin::new function directly and we’ll need to construct a Pin-wrapped pointer in one of the more specialized manners discussed below.

We call such a Pin-wrapped pointer a pinning pointer (or pinning ref, or pinning Box, etc.) because its existence is the thing that is pinning the underlying pointee in place: it is the metaphorical “pin” securing the data in place on the pinboard (in memory).

It is important to stress that the thing in the Pin is not the value which we want to pin itself, but rather a pointer to that value! A Pin<Ptr> does not pin the Ptr but rather the pointer’s pointee value.

The most common set of types which require pinning related guarantees for soundness are the compiler-generated state machines that implement Future for the return value of async fns. These compiler-generated Futures may contain self-referential pointers, one of the most common use cases for Pin. More details on this point are provided in the pin module docs, but suffice it to say they require the guarantees provided by pinning to be implemented soundly.

This requirement for the implementation of async fns means that the Future trait requires all calls to poll to use a self: Pin<&mut Self> parameter instead of the usual &mut self. Therefore, when manually polling a future, you will need to pin it first.

You may notice that async fn-sourced Futures are only a small percentage of all Futures that exist, yet we had to modify the signature of poll for all Futures to accommodate them. This is unfortunate, but there is a way that the language attempts to alleviate the extra friction that this API choice incurs: the Unpin trait.

The vast majority of Rust types have no reason to ever care about being pinned. These types implement the Unpin trait, which entirely opts all values of that type out of pinning-related guarantees. For values of these types, pinning a value by pointing to it with a Pin<Ptr> will have no actual effect.

The reason this distinction exists is exactly to allow APIs like Future::poll to take a Pin<Ptr> as an argument for all types while only forcing Future types that actually care about pinning guarantees pay the ergonomics cost. For the majority of Future types that don’t have a reason to care about being pinned and therefore implement Unpin, the Pin<&mut Self> will act exactly like a regular &mut Self, allowing direct access to the underlying value. Only types that don’t implement Unpin will be restricted.

§Pinning a value of a type that implements Unpin

If the type of the value you need to “pin” implements Unpin, you can trivially wrap any pointer to that value in a Pin by calling Pin::new.

use std::pin::Pin;

// Create a value of a type that implements `Unpin`
let mut unpin_future = std::future::ready(5);

// Pin it by creating a pinning mutable reference to it (ready to be `poll`ed!)
let my_pinned_unpin_future: Pin<&mut _> = Pin::new(&mut unpin_future);

§Pinning a value inside a Box

The simplest and most flexible way to pin a value that does not implement Unpin is to put that value inside a Box and then turn that Box into a “pinning Box” by wrapping it in a Pin. You can do both of these in a single step using Box::pin. Let’s see an example of using this flow to pin a Future returned from calling an async fn, a common use case as described above.

use std::pin::Pin;

async fn add_one(x: u32) -> u32 {
    x + 1
}

// Call the async function to get a future back
let fut = add_one(42);

// Pin the future inside a pinning box
let pinned_fut: Pin<Box<_>> = Box::pin(fut);

If you have a value which is already boxed, for example a Box<dyn Future>, you can pin that value in-place at its current memory address using Box::into_pin.

use std::pin::Pin;
use std::future::Future;

async fn add_one(x: u32) -> u32 {
    x + 1
}

fn boxed_add_one(x: u32) -> Box<dyn Future<Output = u32>> {
    Box::new(add_one(x))
}

let boxed_fut = boxed_add_one(42);

// Pin the future inside the existing box
let pinned_fut: Pin<Box<_>> = Box::into_pin(boxed_fut);

There are similar pinning methods offered on the other standard library smart pointer types as well, like Rc and Arc.

§Pinning a value on the stack using pin!

There are some situations where it is desirable or even required (for example, in a #[no_std] context where you don’t have access to the standard library or allocation in general) to pin a value which does not implement Unpin to its location on the stack. Doing so is possible using the pin! macro. See its documentation for more.

§Layout and ABI

Pin<Ptr> is guaranteed to have the same memory layout and ABI1 as Ptr.


  1. There is a bit of nuance here that is still being decided about whether the aliasing semantics of Pin<&mut T> should be different than &mut T, but this is true as of today. 

Implementations§

source§

impl<Ptr> Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Deref, <Ptr as Deref>::Target: Unpin,

1.33.0 (const: unstable) · source

pub fn new(pointer: Ptr) -> Pin<Ptr>

Construct a new Pin<Ptr> around a pointer to some data of a type that implements Unpin.

Unlike Pin::new_unchecked, this method is safe because the pointer Ptr dereferences to an Unpin type, which cancels the pinning guarantees.

§Examples
use std::pin::Pin;

let mut val: u8 = 5;

// Since `val` doesn't care about being moved, we can safely create a "facade" `Pin`
// which will allow `val` to participate in `Pin`-bound apis  without checking that
// pinning guarantees are actually upheld.
let mut pinned: Pin<&mut u8> = Pin::new(&mut val);
1.39.0 (const: unstable) · source

pub fn into_inner(pin: Pin<Ptr>) -> Ptr

Unwraps this Pin<Ptr>, returning the underlying pointer.

Doing this operation safely requires that the data pointed at by this pinning pointer implements Unpin so that we can ignore the pinning invariants when unwrapping it.

§Examples
use std::pin::Pin;

let mut val: u8 = 5;
let pinned: Pin<&mut u8> = Pin::new(&mut val);

// Unwrap the pin to get the underlying mutable reference to the value. We can do
// this because `val` doesn't care about being moved, so the `Pin` was just
// a "facade" anyway.
let r = Pin::into_inner(pinned);
assert_eq!(*r, 5);
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impl<Ptr> Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Deref,

1.33.0 (const: unstable) · source

pub unsafe fn new_unchecked(pointer: Ptr) -> Pin<Ptr>

Construct a new Pin<Ptr> around a reference to some data of a type that may or may not implement Unpin.

If pointer dereferences to an Unpin type, Pin::new should be used instead.

§Safety

This constructor is unsafe because we cannot guarantee that the data pointed to by pointer is pinned. At its core, pinning a value means making the guarantee that the value’s data will not be moved nor have its storage invalidated until it gets dropped. For a more thorough explanation of pinning, see the pin module docs.

If the caller that is constructing this Pin<Ptr> does not ensure that the data Ptr points to is pinned, that is a violation of the API contract and may lead to undefined behavior in later (even safe) operations.

By using this method, you are also making a promise about the Deref and DerefMut implementations of Ptr, if they exist. Most importantly, they must not move out of their self arguments: Pin::as_mut and Pin::as_ref will call DerefMut::deref_mut and Deref::deref on the pointer type Ptr and expect these methods to uphold the pinning invariants. Moreover, by calling this method you promise that the reference Ptr dereferences to will not be moved out of again; in particular, it must not be possible to obtain a &mut Ptr::Target and then move out of that reference (using, for example mem::swap).

For example, calling Pin::new_unchecked on an &'a mut T is unsafe because while you are able to pin it for the given lifetime 'a, you have no control over whether it is kept pinned once 'a ends, and therefore cannot uphold the guarantee that a value, once pinned, remains pinned until it is dropped:

use std::mem;
use std::pin::Pin;

fn move_pinned_ref<T>(mut a: T, mut b: T) {
    unsafe {
        let p: Pin<&mut T> = Pin::new_unchecked(&mut a);
        // This should mean the pointee `a` can never move again.
    }
    mem::swap(&mut a, &mut b); // Potential UB down the road ⚠️
    // The address of `a` changed to `b`'s stack slot, so `a` got moved even
    // though we have previously pinned it! We have violated the pinning API contract.
}

A value, once pinned, must remain pinned until it is dropped (unless its type implements Unpin). Because Pin<&mut T> does not own the value, dropping the Pin will not drop the value and will not end the pinning contract. So moving the value after dropping the Pin<&mut T> is still a violation of the API contract.

Similarly, calling Pin::new_unchecked on an Rc<T> is unsafe because there could be aliases to the same data that are not subject to the pinning restrictions:

use std::rc::Rc;
use std::pin::Pin;

fn move_pinned_rc<T>(mut x: Rc<T>) {
    // This should mean the pointee can never move again.
    let pin = unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(Rc::clone(&x)) };
    {
        let p: Pin<&T> = pin.as_ref();
        // ...
    }
    drop(pin);

    let content = Rc::get_mut(&mut x).unwrap(); // Potential UB down the road ⚠️
    // Now, if `x` was the only reference, we have a mutable reference to
    // data that we pinned above, which we could use to move it as we have
    // seen in the previous example. We have violated the pinning API contract.
 }
§Pinning of closure captures

Particular care is required when using Pin::new_unchecked in a closure: Pin::new_unchecked(&mut var) where var is a by-value (moved) closure capture implicitly makes the promise that the closure itself is pinned, and that all uses of this closure capture respect that pinning.

use std::pin::Pin;
use std::task::Context;
use std::future::Future;

fn move_pinned_closure(mut x: impl Future, cx: &mut Context<'_>) {
    // Create a closure that moves `x`, and then internally uses it in a pinned way.
    let mut closure = move || unsafe {
        let _ignore = Pin::new_unchecked(&mut x).poll(cx);
    };
    // Call the closure, so the future can assume it has been pinned.
    closure();
    // Move the closure somewhere else. This also moves `x`!
    let mut moved = closure;
    // Calling it again means we polled the future from two different locations,
    // violating the pinning API contract.
    moved(); // Potential UB ⚠️
}

When passing a closure to another API, it might be moving the closure any time, so Pin::new_unchecked on closure captures may only be used if the API explicitly documents that the closure is pinned.

The better alternative is to avoid all that trouble and do the pinning in the outer function instead (here using the pin! macro):

use std::pin::pin;
use std::task::Context;
use std::future::Future;

fn move_pinned_closure(mut x: impl Future, cx: &mut Context<'_>) {
    let mut x = pin!(x);
    // Create a closure that captures `x: Pin<&mut _>`, which is safe to move.
    let mut closure = move || {
        let _ignore = x.as_mut().poll(cx);
    };
    // Call the closure, so the future can assume it has been pinned.
    closure();
    // Move the closure somewhere else.
    let mut moved = closure;
    // Calling it again here is fine (except that we might be polling a future that already
    // returned `Poll::Ready`, but that is a separate problem).
    moved();
}
1.33.0 · source

pub fn as_ref(&self) -> Pin<&<Ptr as Deref>::Target>

Gets a shared reference to the pinned value this Pin points to.

This is a generic method to go from &Pin<Pointer<T>> to Pin<&T>. It is safe because, as part of the contract of Pin::new_unchecked, the pointee cannot move after Pin<Pointer<T>> got created. “Malicious” implementations of Pointer::Deref are likewise ruled out by the contract of Pin::new_unchecked.

1.39.0 (const: unstable) · source

pub unsafe fn into_inner_unchecked(pin: Pin<Ptr>) -> Ptr

Unwraps this Pin<Ptr>, returning the underlying Ptr.

§Safety

This function is unsafe. You must guarantee that you will continue to treat the pointer Ptr as pinned after you call this function, so that the invariants on the Pin type can be upheld. If the code using the resulting Ptr does not continue to maintain the pinning invariants that is a violation of the API contract and may lead to undefined behavior in later (safe) operations.

Note that you must be able to guarantee that the data pointed to by Ptr will be treated as pinned all the way until its drop handler is complete!

For more information, see the pin module docs

If the underlying data is Unpin, Pin::into_inner should be used instead.

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impl<Ptr> Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: DerefMut,

1.33.0 · source

pub fn as_mut(&mut self) -> Pin<&mut <Ptr as Deref>::Target>

Gets a mutable reference to the pinned value this Pin<Ptr> points to.

This is a generic method to go from &mut Pin<Pointer<T>> to Pin<&mut T>. It is safe because, as part of the contract of Pin::new_unchecked, the pointee cannot move after Pin<Pointer<T>> got created. “Malicious” implementations of Pointer::DerefMut are likewise ruled out by the contract of Pin::new_unchecked.

This method is useful when doing multiple calls to functions that consume the pinning pointer.

§Example
use std::pin::Pin;

impl Type {
    fn method(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
        // do something
    }

    fn call_method_twice(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
        // `method` consumes `self`, so reborrow the `Pin<&mut Self>` via `as_mut`.
        self.as_mut().method();
        self.as_mut().method();
    }
}
1.33.0 · source

pub fn set(&mut self, value: <Ptr as Deref>::Target)
where <Ptr as Deref>::Target: Sized,

Assigns a new value to the memory location pointed to by the Pin<Ptr>.

This overwrites pinned data, but that is okay: the original pinned value’s destructor gets run before being overwritten and the new value is also a valid value of the same type, so no pinning invariant is violated. See the pin module documentation for more information on how this upholds the pinning invariants.

§Example
use std::pin::Pin;

let mut val: u8 = 5;
let mut pinned: Pin<&mut u8> = Pin::new(&mut val);
println!("{}", pinned); // 5
pinned.set(10);
println!("{}", pinned); // 10
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impl<'a, T> Pin<&'a T>
where T: ?Sized,

1.33.0 · source

pub unsafe fn map_unchecked<U, F>(self, func: F) -> Pin<&'a U>
where F: FnOnce(&T) -> &U, U: ?Sized,

Constructs a new pin by mapping the interior value.

For example, if you wanted to get a Pin of a field of something, you could use this to get access to that field in one line of code. However, there are several gotchas with these “pinning projections”; see the pin module documentation for further details on that topic.

§Safety

This function is unsafe. You must guarantee that the data you return will not move so long as the argument value does not move (for example, because it is one of the fields of that value), and also that you do not move out of the argument you receive to the interior function.

1.33.0 (const: unstable) · source

pub fn get_ref(self) -> &'a T

Gets a shared reference out of a pin.

This is safe because it is not possible to move out of a shared reference. It may seem like there is an issue here with interior mutability: in fact, it is possible to move a T out of a &RefCell<T>. However, this is not a problem as long as there does not also exist a Pin<&T> pointing to the inner T inside the RefCell, and RefCell<T> does not let you get a Pin<&T> pointer to its contents. See the discussion on “pinning projections” for further details.

Note: Pin also implements Deref to the target, which can be used to access the inner value. However, Deref only provides a reference that lives for as long as the borrow of the Pin, not the lifetime of the reference contained in the Pin. This method allows turning the Pin into a reference with the same lifetime as the reference it wraps.

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impl<'a, T> Pin<&'a mut T>
where T: ?Sized,

1.33.0 (const: unstable) · source

pub fn into_ref(self) -> Pin<&'a T>

Converts this Pin<&mut T> into a Pin<&T> with the same lifetime.

1.33.0 (const: unstable) · source

pub fn get_mut(self) -> &'a mut T
where T: Unpin,

Gets a mutable reference to the data inside of this Pin.

This requires that the data inside this Pin is Unpin.

Note: Pin also implements DerefMut to the data, which can be used to access the inner value. However, DerefMut only provides a reference that lives for as long as the borrow of the Pin, not the lifetime of the Pin itself. This method allows turning the Pin into a reference with the same lifetime as the original Pin.

1.33.0 (const: unstable) · source

pub unsafe fn get_unchecked_mut(self) -> &'a mut T

Gets a mutable reference to the data inside of this Pin.

§Safety

This function is unsafe. You must guarantee that you will never move the data out of the mutable reference you receive when you call this function, so that the invariants on the Pin type can be upheld.

If the underlying data is Unpin, Pin::get_mut should be used instead.

1.33.0 · source

pub unsafe fn map_unchecked_mut<U, F>(self, func: F) -> Pin<&'a mut U>
where F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> &mut U, U: ?Sized,

Construct a new pin by mapping the interior value.

For example, if you wanted to get a Pin of a field of something, you could use this to get access to that field in one line of code. However, there are several gotchas with these “pinning projections”; see the pin module documentation for further details on that topic.

§Safety

This function is unsafe. You must guarantee that the data you return will not move so long as the argument value does not move (for example, because it is one of the fields of that value), and also that you do not move out of the argument you receive to the interior function.

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impl<T> Pin<&'static T>
where T: ?Sized,

1.61.0 (const: unstable) · source

pub fn static_ref(r: &'static T) -> Pin<&'static T>

Get a pinning reference from a &'static reference.

This is safe because T is borrowed immutably for the 'static lifetime, which never ends.

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impl<'a, Ptr> Pin<&'a mut Pin<Ptr>>
where Ptr: DerefMut,

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pub fn as_deref_mut(self) -> Pin<&'a mut <Ptr as Deref>::Target>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (pin_deref_mut)

Gets Pin<&mut T> to the underlying pinned value from this nested Pin-pointer.

This is a generic method to go from Pin<&mut Pin<Pointer<T>>> to Pin<&mut T>. It is safe because the existence of a Pin<Pointer<T>> ensures that the pointee, T, cannot move in the future, and this method does not enable the pointee to move. “Malicious” implementations of Ptr::DerefMut are likewise ruled out by the contract of Pin::new_unchecked.

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impl<T> Pin<&'static mut T>
where T: ?Sized,

1.61.0 (const: unstable) · source

pub fn static_mut(r: &'static mut T) -> Pin<&'static mut T>

Get a pinning mutable reference from a static mutable reference.

This is safe because T is borrowed for the 'static lifetime, which never ends.

Trait Implementations§

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impl<P> AsyncBufRead for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: AsyncBufRead,

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fn poll_fill_buf( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<&[u8], Error>>

Attempts to return the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data from the inner reader if it is empty. Read more
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fn consume(self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, amt: usize)

Tells this buffer that amt bytes have been consumed from the buffer, so they should no longer be returned in calls to poll_read. Read more
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impl<P> AsyncBufRead for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: AsyncBufRead,

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fn poll_fill_buf( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<&[u8], Error>>

Attempt to return the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data from the inner reader if it is empty. Read more
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fn consume(self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, amt: usize)

Tells this buffer that amt bytes have been consumed from the buffer, so they should no longer be returned in calls to poll_read. Read more
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impl<P> AsyncIterator for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut, <P as Deref>::Target: AsyncIterator,

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type Item = <<P as Deref>::Target as AsyncIterator>::Item

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)
The type of items yielded by the async iterator.
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fn poll_next( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Option<<Pin<P> as AsyncIterator>::Item>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)
Attempt to pull out the next value of this async iterator, registering the current task for wakeup if the value is not yet available, and returning None if the async iterator is exhausted. Read more
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fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)
Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the async iterator. Read more
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impl<P> AsyncRead for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: AsyncRead,

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fn poll_read( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &mut ReadBuf<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Attempts to read from the AsyncRead into buf. Read more
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impl<P> AsyncRead for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: AsyncRead,

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fn poll_read( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &mut [u8] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Attempt to read from the AsyncRead into buf. Read more
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fn poll_read_vectored( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Attempt to read from the AsyncRead into bufs using vectored IO operations. Read more
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impl<P> AsyncSeek for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: AsyncSeek,

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fn start_seek(self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, pos: SeekFrom) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to seek to an offset, in bytes, in a stream. Read more
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fn poll_complete( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<u64, Error>>

Waits for a seek operation to complete. Read more
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impl<P> AsyncSeek for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: AsyncSeek,

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fn poll_seek( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, pos: SeekFrom ) -> Poll<Result<u64, Error>>

Attempt to seek to an offset, in bytes, in a stream. Read more
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impl<P> AsyncWrite for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: AsyncWrite,

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fn poll_write( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &[u8] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Attempt to write bytes from buf into the object. Read more
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fn poll_write_vectored( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Like poll_write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool

Determines if this writer has an efficient poll_write_vectored implementation. Read more
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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Attempts to flush the object, ensuring that any buffered data reach their destination. Read more
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fn poll_shutdown( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Initiates or attempts to shut down this writer, returning success when the I/O connection has completely shut down. Read more
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impl<P> AsyncWrite for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: AsyncWrite,

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fn poll_write( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &[u8] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Attempt to write bytes from buf into the object. Read more
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fn poll_write_vectored( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Attempt to write bytes from bufs into the object using vectored IO operations. Read more
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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Attempt to flush the object, ensuring that any buffered data reach their destination. Read more
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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Attempt to close the object. Read more
1.33.0 · source§

impl<Ptr> Clone for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Clone,

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fn clone(&self) -> Pin<Ptr>

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
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impl<G, R> Coroutine<R> for Pin<&mut G>
where G: Coroutine<R> + ?Sized,

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type Yield = <G as Coroutine<R>>::Yield

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (coroutine_trait)
The type of value this coroutine yields. Read more
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type Return = <G as Coroutine<R>>::Return

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (coroutine_trait)
The type of value this coroutine returns. Read more
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fn resume( self: Pin<&mut Pin<&mut G>>, arg: R ) -> CoroutineState<<Pin<&mut G> as Coroutine<R>>::Yield, <Pin<&mut G> as Coroutine<R>>::Return>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (coroutine_trait)
Resumes the execution of this coroutine. Read more
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impl<G, R, A> Coroutine<R> for Pin<Box<G, A>>
where G: Coroutine<R> + ?Sized, A: Allocator + 'static,

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type Yield = <G as Coroutine<R>>::Yield

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (coroutine_trait)
The type of value this coroutine yields. Read more
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type Return = <G as Coroutine<R>>::Return

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (coroutine_trait)
The type of value this coroutine returns. Read more
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fn resume( self: Pin<&mut Pin<Box<G, A>>>, arg: R ) -> CoroutineState<<Pin<Box<G, A>> as Coroutine<R>>::Yield, <Pin<Box<G, A>> as Coroutine<R>>::Return>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (coroutine_trait)
Resumes the execution of this coroutine. Read more
1.33.0 · source§

impl<Ptr> Debug for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Debug,

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
1.33.0 · source§

impl<Ptr> Deref for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Deref,

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type Target = <Ptr as Deref>::Target

The resulting type after dereferencing.
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fn deref(&self) -> &<Ptr as Deref>::Target

Dereferences the value.
1.33.0 · source§

impl<Ptr> DerefMut for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: DerefMut, <Ptr as Deref>::Target: Unpin,

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fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut <Ptr as Deref>::Target

Mutably dereferences the value.
1.33.0 · source§

impl<Ptr> Display for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Display,

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
1.33.0 · source§

impl<T, A> From<Box<T, A>> for Pin<Box<T, A>>
where A: Allocator + 'static, T: ?Sized,

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fn from(boxed: Box<T, A>) -> Pin<Box<T, A>>

Converts a Box<T> into a Pin<Box<T>>. If T does not implement Unpin, then *boxed will be pinned in memory and unable to be moved.

This conversion does not allocate on the heap and happens in place.

This is also available via Box::into_pin.

Constructing and pinning a Box with <Pin<Box<T>>>::from(Box::new(x)) can also be written more concisely using Box::pin(x). This From implementation is useful if you already have a Box<T>, or you are constructing a (pinned) Box in a different way than with Box::new.

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impl<'a, F> From<Pin<Box<F>>> for FutureObj<'a, ()>
where F: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'a,

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fn from(boxed: Pin<Box<F>>) -> FutureObj<'a, ()>

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl<'a, F> From<Pin<Box<F>>> for LocalFutureObj<'a, ()>
where F: Future<Output = ()> + 'a,

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fn from(boxed: Pin<Box<F>>) -> LocalFutureObj<'a, ()>

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl<'a> From<Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + 'a>>> for LocalFutureObj<'a, ()>

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fn from(boxed: Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + 'a>>) -> LocalFutureObj<'a, ()>

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl<'a> From<Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'a>>> for FutureObj<'a, ()>

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fn from( boxed: Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'a>> ) -> FutureObj<'a, ()>

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl<P> FusedFuture for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: FusedFuture,

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fn is_terminated(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the underlying future should no longer be polled.
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impl<P> FusedStream for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: FusedStream,

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fn is_terminated(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the stream should no longer be polled.
1.36.0 · source§

impl<P> Future for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut, <P as Deref>::Target: Future,

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type Output = <<P as Deref>::Target as Future>::Output

The type of value produced on completion.
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fn poll( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<<Pin<P> as Future>::Output>

Attempt to resolve the future to a final value, registering the current task for wakeup if the value is not yet available. Read more
1.41.0 · source§

impl<Ptr> Hash for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Deref, <Ptr as Deref>::Target: Hash,

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fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)
where H: Hasher,

Feeds this value into the given Hasher. Read more
1.3.0 · source§

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)
where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher. Read more
1.41.0 · source§

impl<Ptr> Ord for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Deref, <Ptr as Deref>::Target: Ord,

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fn cmp(&self, other: &Pin<Ptr>) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other. Read more
1.21.0 · source§

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values. Read more
1.21.0 · source§

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values. Read more
1.50.0 · source§

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized + PartialOrd,

Restrict a value to a certain interval. Read more
1.41.0 · source§

impl<Ptr, Q> PartialEq<Pin<Q>> for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Deref, Q: Deref, <Ptr as Deref>::Target: PartialEq<<Q as Deref>::Target>,

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fn eq(&self, other: &Pin<Q>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.
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fn ne(&self, other: &Pin<Q>) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
1.41.0 · source§

impl<Ptr, Q> PartialOrd<Pin<Q>> for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Deref, Q: Deref, <Ptr as Deref>::Target: PartialOrd<<Q as Deref>::Target>,

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fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Pin<Q>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
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fn lt(&self, other: &Pin<Q>) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
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fn le(&self, other: &Pin<Q>) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. Read more
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fn gt(&self, other: &Pin<Q>) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
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fn ge(&self, other: &Pin<Q>) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. Read more
1.33.0 · source§

impl<Ptr> Pointer for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Pointer,

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl<P, Item> Sink<Item> for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: Sink<Item>,

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type Error = <<P as Deref>::Target as Sink<Item>>::Error

The type of value produced by the sink when an error occurs.
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fn poll_ready( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Pin<P> as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

Attempts to prepare the Sink to receive a value. Read more
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fn start_send( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, item: Item ) -> Result<(), <Pin<P> as Sink<Item>>::Error>

Begin the process of sending a value to the sink. Each call to this function must be preceded by a successful call to poll_ready which returned Poll::Ready(Ok(())). Read more
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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Pin<P> as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

Flush any remaining output from this sink. Read more
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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), <Pin<P> as Sink<Item>>::Error>>

Flush any remaining output and close this sink, if necessary. Read more
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impl<T> SmartDisplay for Pin<&T>
where T: SmartDisplay + ?Sized,

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type Metadata = <T as SmartDisplay>::Metadata

User-provided metadata type.
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fn metadata(&self, f: FormatterOptions) -> Metadata<'_, Pin<&T>>

Compute any information needed to format the value. This must, at a minimum, determine the width of the value before any padding is added by the formatter. Read more
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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Format the value using the given formatter. This is the same as Display::fmt. Read more
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fn fmt_with_metadata( &self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>, _metadata: Metadata<'_, Self> ) -> Result<(), Error>

Format the value using the given formatter and metadata. The formatted output should have the width indicated by the metadata. This is before any padding is added by the formatter. Read more
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impl<P> Stream for Pin<P>
where P: DerefMut + Unpin, <P as Deref>::Target: Stream,

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type Item = <<P as Deref>::Target as Stream>::Item

Values yielded by the stream.
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fn poll_next( self: Pin<&mut Pin<P>>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Option<<Pin<P> as Stream>::Item>>

Attempt to pull out the next value of this stream, registering the current task for wakeup if the value is not yet available, and returning None if the stream is exhausted. Read more
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fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the stream. Read more
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impl<'a, T, F> UnsafeFutureObj<'a, T> for Pin<&'a mut F>
where F: Future<Output = T> + 'a,

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fn into_raw(self) -> *mut dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a

Convert an owned instance into a (conceptually owned) fat pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn drop(_ptr: *mut dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a)

Drops the future represented by the given fat pointer. Read more
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impl<'a, T> UnsafeFutureObj<'a, T> for Pin<&'a mut dyn Future<Output = T>>

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fn into_raw(self) -> *mut dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a

Convert an owned instance into a (conceptually owned) fat pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn drop(_ptr: *mut dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a)

Drops the future represented by the given fat pointer. Read more
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impl<'a, T, F> UnsafeFutureObj<'a, T> for Pin<Box<F>>
where F: Future<Output = T> + 'a,

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fn into_raw(self) -> *mut dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a

Convert an owned instance into a (conceptually owned) fat pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn drop(ptr: *mut dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a)

Drops the future represented by the given fat pointer. Read more
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impl<'a, T> UnsafeFutureObj<'a, T> for Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a>>
where T: 'a,

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fn into_raw(self) -> *mut dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a

Convert an owned instance into a (conceptually owned) fat pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn drop(ptr: *mut dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a)

Drops the future represented by the given fat pointer. Read more
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impl<'a, T> UnsafeFutureObj<'a, T> for Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = T> + Send + 'a>>
where T: 'a,

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fn into_raw(self) -> *mut dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a

Convert an owned instance into a (conceptually owned) fat pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn drop(ptr: *mut dyn Future<Output = T> + 'a)

Drops the future represented by the given fat pointer. Read more
1.33.0 · source§

impl<Ptr, U> CoerceUnsized<Pin<U>> for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: CoerceUnsized<U>,

1.33.0 · source§

impl<Ptr> Copy for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Copy,

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impl<Ptr> DerefPure for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: DerefPure,

1.33.0 · source§

impl<Ptr, U> DispatchFromDyn<Pin<U>> for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: DispatchFromDyn<U>,

1.41.0 · source§

impl<Ptr> Eq for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Deref, <Ptr as Deref>::Target: Eq,

Auto Trait Implementations§

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impl<Ptr> Freeze for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Freeze,

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impl<Ptr> RefUnwindSafe for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: RefUnwindSafe,

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impl<Ptr> Send for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Send,

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impl<Ptr> Sync for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Sync,

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impl<Ptr> Unpin for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Unpin,

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impl<Ptr> UnwindSafe for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: UnwindSafe,

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T> AsCleanDebug for T
where T: Display,

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fn as_clean(&self) -> CleanDebug<'_, Self>
where Self: Display,

Get a CleanDebug for Self. Read more
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impl<R> AsyncBufReadExt for R
where R: AsyncBufRead + ?Sized,

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fn read_until<'a>( &'a mut self, byte: u8, buf: &'a mut Vec<u8> ) -> ReadUntil<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads all bytes into buf until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached. Read more
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fn read_line<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut String) -> ReadLine<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads all bytes until a newline (the 0xA byte) is reached, and append them to the provided buffer. Read more
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fn split(self, byte: u8) -> Split<Self>
where Self: Sized + Unpin,

Returns a stream of the contents of this reader split on the byte byte. Read more
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fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> FillBuf<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Returns the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data from the inner reader if it is empty. Read more
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fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize)
where Self: Unpin,

Tells this buffer that amt bytes have been consumed from the buffer, so they should no longer be returned in calls to read. Read more
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fn lines(self) -> Lines<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Returns a stream over the lines of this reader. This method is the async equivalent to BufRead::lines. Read more
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impl<R> AsyncBufReadExt for R
where R: AsyncBufRead + ?Sized,

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fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> FillBuf<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will wait for a non-empty buffer to be available from this I/O object or EOF to be reached. Read more
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fn consume_unpin(&mut self, amt: usize)
where Self: Unpin,

A convenience for calling [AsyncBufRead::consume] on Unpin IO types. Read more
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fn read_until<'a>( &'a mut self, byte: u8, buf: &'a mut Vec<u8> ) -> ReadUntil<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will read all the bytes associated with this I/O object into buf until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached. This method is the async equivalent to BufRead::read_until. Read more
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fn read_line<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut String) -> ReadLine<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will read all the bytes associated with this I/O object into buf until a newline (the 0xA byte) or EOF is reached, This method is the async equivalent to BufRead::read_line. Read more
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fn lines(self) -> Lines<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Returns a stream over the lines of this reader. This method is the async equivalent to BufRead::lines. Read more
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impl<R> AsyncReadExt for R
where R: AsyncRead + ?Sized,

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fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>
where Self: Sized, R: AsyncRead,

Creates a new AsyncRead instance that chains this stream with next. Read more
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fn read<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> Read<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Pulls some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning how many bytes were read. Read more
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fn read_buf<'a, B>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut B) -> ReadBuf<'a, Self, B>
where Self: Unpin, B: BufMut + ?Sized,

Pulls some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, advancing the buffer’s internal cursor. Read more
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fn read_exact<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> ReadExact<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill buf. Read more
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fn read_u8(&mut self) -> ReadU8<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 8 bit integer from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i8(&mut self) -> ReadI8<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads a signed 8 bit integer from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u16(&mut self) -> ReadU16<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 16-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i16(&mut self) -> ReadI16<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads a signed 16-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u32(&mut self) -> ReadU32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 32-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i32(&mut self) -> ReadI32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads a signed 32-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u64(&mut self) -> ReadU64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 64-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i64(&mut self) -> ReadI64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an signed 64-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u128(&mut self) -> ReadU128<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 128-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i128(&mut self) -> ReadI128<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an signed 128-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_f32(&mut self) -> ReadF32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an 32-bit floating point type in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_f64(&mut self) -> ReadF64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an 64-bit floating point type in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u16_le(&mut self) -> ReadU16Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 16-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i16_le(&mut self) -> ReadI16Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads a signed 16-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u32_le(&mut self) -> ReadU32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 32-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i32_le(&mut self) -> ReadI32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads a signed 32-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u64_le(&mut self) -> ReadU64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 64-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i64_le(&mut self) -> ReadI64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an signed 64-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u128_le(&mut self) -> ReadU128Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 128-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i128_le(&mut self) -> ReadI128Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an signed 128-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_f32_le(&mut self) -> ReadF32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an 32-bit floating point type in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_f64_le(&mut self) -> ReadF64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an 64-bit floating point type in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_to_end<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut Vec<u8>) -> ReadToEnd<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf. Read more
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fn read_to_string<'a>( &'a mut self, dst: &'a mut String ) -> ReadToString<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf. Read more
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fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an adaptor which reads at most limit bytes from it. Read more
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impl<R> AsyncReadExt for R
where R: AsyncRead + ?Sized,

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fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>
where Self: Sized, R: AsyncRead,

Creates an adaptor which will chain this stream with another. Read more
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fn read<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> Read<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Tries to read some bytes directly into the given buf in asynchronous manner, returning a future type. Read more
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fn read_vectored<'a>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a mut [IoSliceMut<'a>] ) -> ReadVectored<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will read from the AsyncRead into bufs using vectored IO operations. Read more
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fn read_exact<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> ReadExact<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will read exactly enough bytes to fill buf, returning an error if end of file (EOF) is hit sooner. Read more
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fn read_to_end<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut Vec<u8>) -> ReadToEnd<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will read all the bytes from this AsyncRead. Read more
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fn read_to_string<'a>( &'a mut self, buf: &'a mut String ) -> ReadToString<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will read all the bytes from this AsyncRead. Read more
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fn split(self) -> (ReadHalf<Self>, WriteHalf<Self>)
where Self: Sized + AsyncWrite,

Helper method for splitting this read/write object into two halves. Read more
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fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an AsyncRead adapter which will read at most limit bytes from the underlying reader. Read more
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impl<S> AsyncSeekExt for S
where S: AsyncSeek + ?Sized,

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fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Seek<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will seek an IO object, and then yield the new position in the object and the object itself. Read more
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fn rewind(&mut self) -> Seek<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will rewind to the beginning of the stream. Read more
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fn stream_position(&mut self) -> Seek<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will return the current seek position from the start of the stream. Read more
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impl<S> AsyncSeekExt for S
where S: AsyncSeek + ?Sized,

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fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Seek<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will seek an IO object, and then yield the new position in the object and the object itself. Read more
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fn stream_position(&mut self) -> Seek<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will return the current seek position from the start of the stream. Read more
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impl<W> AsyncWriteExt for W
where W: AsyncWrite + ?Sized,

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fn write<'a>(&'a mut self, src: &'a [u8]) -> Write<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written. Read more
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fn write_vectored<'a, 'b>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a [IoSlice<'b>] ) -> WriteVectored<'a, 'b, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn write_buf<'a, B>(&'a mut self, src: &'a mut B) -> WriteBuf<'a, Self, B>
where Self: Sized + Unpin, B: Buf,

Writes a buffer into this writer, advancing the buffer’s internal cursor. Read more
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fn write_all_buf<'a, B>( &'a mut self, src: &'a mut B ) -> WriteAllBuf<'a, Self, B>
where Self: Sized + Unpin, B: Buf,

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer. Read more
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fn write_all<'a>(&'a mut self, src: &'a [u8]) -> WriteAll<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer. Read more
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fn write_u8(&mut self, n: u8) -> WriteU8<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 8-bit integer to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i8(&mut self, n: i8) -> WriteI8<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a signed 8-bit integer to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u16(&mut self, n: u16) -> WriteU16<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 16-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i16(&mut self, n: i16) -> WriteI16<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a signed 16-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u32(&mut self, n: u32) -> WriteU32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 32-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i32(&mut self, n: i32) -> WriteI32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a signed 32-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u64(&mut self, n: u64) -> WriteU64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 64-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i64(&mut self, n: i64) -> WriteI64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an signed 64-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u128(&mut self, n: u128) -> WriteU128<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 128-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i128(&mut self, n: i128) -> WriteI128<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an signed 128-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_f32(&mut self, n: f32) -> WriteF32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an 32-bit floating point type in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_f64(&mut self, n: f64) -> WriteF64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an 64-bit floating point type in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u16_le(&mut self, n: u16) -> WriteU16Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 16-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i16_le(&mut self, n: i16) -> WriteI16Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a signed 16-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u32_le(&mut self, n: u32) -> WriteU32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 32-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i32_le(&mut self, n: i32) -> WriteI32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a signed 32-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u64_le(&mut self, n: u64) -> WriteU64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 64-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i64_le(&mut self, n: i64) -> WriteI64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an signed 64-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u128_le(&mut self, n: u128) -> WriteU128Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 128-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i128_le(&mut self, n: i128) -> WriteI128Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an signed 128-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_f32_le(&mut self, n: f32) -> WriteF32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an 32-bit floating point type in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_f64_le(&mut self, n: f64) -> WriteF64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an 64-bit floating point type in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn flush(&mut self) -> Flush<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Flushes this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination. Read more
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fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Shutdown<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Shuts down the output stream, ensuring that the value can be dropped cleanly. Read more
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impl<W> AsyncWriteExt for W
where W: AsyncWrite + ?Sized,

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fn flush(&mut self) -> Flush<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will entirely flush this AsyncWrite. Read more
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fn close(&mut self) -> Close<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will entirely close this AsyncWrite.
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fn write<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a [u8]) -> Write<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will write bytes from buf into the object. Read more
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fn write_vectored<'a>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a [IoSlice<'a>] ) -> WriteVectored<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will write bytes from bufs into the object using vectored IO operations. Read more
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fn write_all<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a [u8]) -> WriteAll<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Write data into this object. Read more
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fn into_sink<Item>(self) -> IntoSink<Self, Item>
where Item: AsRef<[u8]>, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature sink only.
Allow using an [AsyncWrite] as a Sink<Item: AsRef<[u8]>>. Read more
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<Q, K> Comparable<K> for Q
where Q: Ord + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

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fn compare(&self, key: &K) -> Ordering

Compare self to key and return their ordering.
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impl<Q, K> Equivalent<K> for Q
where Q: Eq + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

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fn equivalent(&self, key: &K) -> bool

Checks if this value is equivalent to the given key. Read more
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impl<Q, K> Equivalent<K> for Q
where Q: Eq + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

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fn equivalent(&self, key: &K) -> bool

Compare self to key and return true if they are equal.
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<T> FutureExt for T
where T: Future + ?Sized,

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fn map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F>
where F: FnOnce(Self::Output) -> U, Self: Sized,

Map this future’s output to a different type, returning a new future of the resulting type. Read more
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fn map_into<U>(self) -> MapInto<Self, U>
where Self::Output: Into<U>, Self: Sized,

Map this future’s output to a different type, returning a new future of the resulting type. Read more
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fn then<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> Then<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnOnce(Self::Output) -> Fut, Fut: Future, Self: Sized,

Chain on a computation for when a future finished, passing the result of the future to the provided closure f. Read more
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fn left_future<B>(self) -> Either<Self, B>
where B: Future<Output = Self::Output>, Self: Sized,

Wrap this future in an Either future, making it the left-hand variant of that Either. Read more
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fn right_future<A>(self) -> Either<A, Self>
where A: Future<Output = Self::Output>, Self: Sized,

Wrap this future in an Either future, making it the right-hand variant of that Either. Read more
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fn into_stream(self) -> IntoStream<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Convert this future into a single element stream. Read more
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fn flatten(self) -> Flatten<Self>
where Self::Output: Future, Self: Sized,

Flatten the execution of this future when the output of this future is itself another future. Read more
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fn flatten_stream(self) -> FlattenStream<Self>
where Self::Output: Stream, Self: Sized,

Flatten the execution of this future when the successful result of this future is a stream. Read more
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fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Fuse a future such that poll will never again be called once it has completed. This method can be used to turn any Future into a FusedFuture. Read more
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fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F>
where F: FnOnce(&Self::Output), Self: Sized,

Do something with the output of a future before passing it on. Read more
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fn catch_unwind(self) -> CatchUnwind<Self>
where Self: Sized + UnwindSafe,

Available on crate feature std only.
Catches unwinding panics while polling the future. Read more
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fn shared(self) -> Shared<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Output: Clone,

Available on crate feature std only.
Create a cloneable handle to this future where all handles will resolve to the same result. Read more
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fn remote_handle(self) -> (Remote<Self>, RemoteHandle<Self::Output>)
where Self: Sized,

Available on crate features channel and std only.
Turn this future into a future that yields () on completion and sends its output to another future on a separate task. Read more
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fn boxed<'a>(self) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Self::Output> + Send + 'a>>
where Self: Sized + Send + 'a,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Wrap the future in a Box, pinning it. Read more
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fn boxed_local<'a>(self) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Self::Output> + 'a>>
where Self: Sized + 'a,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Wrap the future in a Box, pinning it. Read more
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fn unit_error(self) -> UnitError<Self>
where Self: Sized,

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fn never_error(self) -> NeverError<Self>
where Self: Sized,

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fn poll_unpin(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output>
where Self: Unpin,

A convenience for calling Future::poll on Unpin future types.
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fn now_or_never(self) -> Option<Self::Output>
where Self: Sized,

Evaluates and consumes the future, returning the resulting output if the future is ready after the first call to Future::poll. Read more
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impl<T> Instrument for T

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fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the provided [Span], returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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fn in_current_span(self) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the current Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<I> IntoAsyncIterator for I
where I: AsyncIterator,

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type Item = <I as AsyncIterator>::Item

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)
The type of the item yielded by the iterator
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type IntoAsyncIter = I

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)
The type of the resulting iterator
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fn into_async_iter(self) -> <I as IntoAsyncIterator>::IntoAsyncIter

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (async_iterator)
Converts self into an async iterator
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impl<F> IntoFuture for F
where F: Future,

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type Output = <F as Future>::Output

The output that the future will produce on completion.
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type IntoFuture = F

Which kind of future are we turning this into?
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fn into_future(self) -> <F as IntoFuture>::IntoFuture

Creates a future from a value. Read more
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impl<T> Pointable for T

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const ALIGN: usize = _

The alignment of pointer.
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type Init = T

The type for initializers.
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unsafe fn init(init: <T as Pointable>::Init) -> usize

Initializes a with the given initializer. Read more
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unsafe fn deref<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a T

Dereferences the given pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn deref_mut<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a mut T

Mutably dereferences the given pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn drop(ptr: usize)

Drops the object pointed to by the given pointer. Read more
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impl<T> Same for T

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type Output = T

Should always be Self
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impl<T, Item> SinkExt<Item> for T
where T: Sink<Item> + ?Sized,

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fn with<U, Fut, F, E>(self, f: F) -> With<Self, Item, U, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(U) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = Result<Item, E>>, E: From<Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Composes a function in front of the sink. Read more
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fn with_flat_map<U, St, F>(self, f: F) -> WithFlatMap<Self, Item, U, St, F>
where F: FnMut(U) -> St, St: Stream<Item = Result<Item, Self::Error>>, Self: Sized,

Composes a function in front of the sink. Read more
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fn sink_map_err<E, F>(self, f: F) -> SinkMapErr<Self, F>
where F: FnOnce(Self::Error) -> E, Self: Sized,

Transforms the error returned by the sink.
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fn sink_err_into<E>(self) -> SinkErrInto<Self, Item, E>
where Self: Sized, Self::Error: Into<E>,

Map this sink’s error to a different error type using the Into trait. Read more
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fn buffer(self, capacity: usize) -> Buffer<Self, Item>
where Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Adds a fixed-size buffer to the current sink. Read more
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fn close(&mut self) -> Close<'_, Self, Item>
where Self: Unpin,

Close the sink.
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fn fanout<Si>(self, other: Si) -> Fanout<Self, Si>
where Self: Sized, Item: Clone, Si: Sink<Item, Error = Self::Error>,

Fanout items to multiple sinks. Read more
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fn flush(&mut self) -> Flush<'_, Self, Item>
where Self: Unpin,

Flush the sink, processing all pending items. Read more
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fn send(&mut self, item: Item) -> Send<'_, Self, Item>
where Self: Unpin,

A future that completes after the given item has been fully processed into the sink, including flushing. Read more
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fn feed(&mut self, item: Item) -> Feed<'_, Self, Item>
where Self: Unpin,

A future that completes after the given item has been received by the sink. Read more
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fn send_all<'a, St>(&'a mut self, stream: &'a mut St) -> SendAll<'a, Self, St>
where St: TryStream<Ok = Item, Error = Self::Error> + Stream + Unpin + ?Sized, Self: Unpin,

A future that completes after the given stream has been fully processed into the sink, including flushing. Read more
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fn left_sink<Si2>(self) -> Either<Self, Si2>
where Si2: Sink<Item, Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Wrap this sink in an Either sink, making it the left-hand variant of that Either. Read more
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fn right_sink<Si1>(self) -> Either<Si1, Self>
where Si1: Sink<Item, Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Wrap this stream in an Either stream, making it the right-hand variant of that Either. Read more
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fn poll_ready_unpin( &mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>
where Self: Unpin,

A convenience method for calling Sink::poll_ready on Unpin sink types.
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fn start_send_unpin(&mut self, item: Item) -> Result<(), Self::Error>
where Self: Unpin,

A convenience method for calling Sink::start_send on Unpin sink types.
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fn poll_flush_unpin( &mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>
where Self: Unpin,

A convenience method for calling Sink::poll_flush on Unpin sink types.
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fn poll_close_unpin( &mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>>
where Self: Unpin,

A convenience method for calling Sink::poll_close on Unpin sink types.
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impl<T> StreamExt for T
where T: Stream + ?Sized,

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fn next(&mut self) -> Next<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future that resolves to the next item in the stream. Read more
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fn into_future(self) -> StreamFuture<Self>
where Self: Sized + Unpin,

Converts this stream into a future of (next_item, tail_of_stream). If the stream terminates, then the next item is None. Read more
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fn map<T, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> T, Self: Sized,

Maps this stream’s items to a different type, returning a new stream of the resulting type. Read more
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fn enumerate(self) -> Enumerate<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates a stream which gives the current iteration count as well as the next value. Read more
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fn filter<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> Filter<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = bool>, Self: Sized,

Filters the values produced by this stream according to the provided asynchronous predicate. Read more
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fn filter_map<Fut, T, F>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = Option<T>>, Self: Sized,

Filters the values produced by this stream while simultaneously mapping them to a different type according to the provided asynchronous closure. Read more
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fn then<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> Then<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future, Self: Sized,

Computes from this stream’s items new items of a different type using an asynchronous closure. Read more
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fn collect<C>(self) -> Collect<Self, C>
where C: Default + Extend<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Transforms a stream into a collection, returning a future representing the result of that computation. Read more
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fn unzip<A, B, FromA, FromB>(self) -> Unzip<Self, FromA, FromB>
where FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, Self: Sized + Stream<Item = (A, B)>,

Converts a stream of pairs into a future, which resolves to pair of containers. Read more
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fn concat(self) -> Concat<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Extend<<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::Item> + IntoIterator + Default,

Concatenate all items of a stream into a single extendable destination, returning a future representing the end result. Read more
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fn count(self) -> Count<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Drives the stream to completion, counting the number of items. Read more
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fn cycle(self) -> Cycle<Self>
where Self: Sized + Clone,

Repeats a stream endlessly. Read more
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fn fold<T, Fut, F>(self, init: T, f: F) -> Fold<Self, Fut, T, F>
where F: FnMut(T, Self::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = T>, Self: Sized,

Execute an accumulating asynchronous computation over a stream, collecting all the values into one final result. Read more
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fn any<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> Any<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = bool>, Self: Sized,

Execute predicate over asynchronous stream, and return true if any element in stream satisfied a predicate. Read more
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fn all<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> All<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = bool>, Self: Sized,

Execute predicate over asynchronous stream, and return true if all element in stream satisfied a predicate. Read more
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fn flatten(self) -> Flatten<Self>
where Self::Item: Stream, Self: Sized,

Flattens a stream of streams into just one continuous stream. Read more
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fn flatten_unordered( self, limit: impl Into<Option<usize>> ) -> FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController<Self, ()>
where Self::Item: Stream + Unpin, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Flattens a stream of streams into just one continuous stream. Polls inner streams produced by the base stream concurrently. Read more
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fn flat_map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> FlatMap<Self, U, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U, U: Stream, Self: Sized,

Maps a stream like StreamExt::map but flattens nested Streams. Read more
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fn flat_map_unordered<U, F>( self, limit: impl Into<Option<usize>>, f: F ) -> FlatMapUnordered<Self, U, F>
where U: Stream + Unpin, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Maps a stream like StreamExt::map but flattens nested Streams and polls them concurrently, yielding items in any order, as they made available. Read more
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fn scan<S, B, Fut, F>(self, initial_state: S, f: F) -> Scan<Self, S, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(&mut S, Self::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = Option<B>>, Self: Sized,

Combinator similar to StreamExt::fold that holds internal state and produces a new stream. Read more
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fn skip_while<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> SkipWhile<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = bool>, Self: Sized,

Skip elements on this stream while the provided asynchronous predicate resolves to true. Read more
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fn take_while<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> TakeWhile<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = bool>, Self: Sized,

Take elements from this stream while the provided asynchronous predicate resolves to true. Read more
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fn take_until<Fut>(self, fut: Fut) -> TakeUntil<Self, Fut>
where Fut: Future, Self: Sized,

Take elements from this stream until the provided future resolves. Read more
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fn for_each<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> ForEach<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = ()>, Self: Sized,

Runs this stream to completion, executing the provided asynchronous closure for each element on the stream. Read more
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fn for_each_concurrent<Fut, F>( self, limit: impl Into<Option<usize>>, f: F ) -> ForEachConcurrent<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = ()>, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Runs this stream to completion, executing the provided asynchronous closure for each element on the stream concurrently as elements become available. Read more
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fn take(self, n: usize) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates a new stream of at most n items of the underlying stream. Read more
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fn skip(self, n: usize) -> Skip<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates a new stream which skips n items of the underlying stream. Read more
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fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Fuse a stream such that poll_next will never again be called once it has finished. This method can be used to turn any Stream into a FusedStream. Read more
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fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Borrows a stream, rather than consuming it. Read more
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fn catch_unwind(self) -> CatchUnwind<Self>
where Self: Sized + UnwindSafe,

Available on crate feature std only.
Catches unwinding panics while polling the stream. Read more
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fn boxed<'a>(self) -> Pin<Box<dyn Stream<Item = Self::Item> + Send + 'a>>
where Self: Sized + Send + 'a,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Wrap the stream in a Box, pinning it. Read more
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fn boxed_local<'a>(self) -> Pin<Box<dyn Stream<Item = Self::Item> + 'a>>
where Self: Sized + 'a,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Wrap the stream in a Box, pinning it. Read more
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fn buffered(self, n: usize) -> Buffered<Self>
where Self::Item: Future, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
An adaptor for creating a buffered list of pending futures. Read more
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fn buffer_unordered(self, n: usize) -> BufferUnordered<Self>
where Self::Item: Future, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
An adaptor for creating a buffered list of pending futures (unordered). Read more
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fn zip<St>(self, other: St) -> Zip<Self, St>
where St: Stream, Self: Sized,

An adapter for zipping two streams together. Read more
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fn chain<St>(self, other: St) -> Chain<Self, St>
where St: Stream<Item = Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Adapter for chaining two streams. Read more
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fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates a new stream which exposes a peek method. Read more
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fn chunks(self, capacity: usize) -> Chunks<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
An adaptor for chunking up items of the stream inside a vector. Read more
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fn ready_chunks(self, capacity: usize) -> ReadyChunks<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
An adaptor for chunking up ready items of the stream inside a vector. Read more
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fn forward<S>(self, sink: S) -> Forward<Self, S>
where S: Sink<Self::Ok, Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized + TryStream,

Available on crate feature sink only.
A future that completes after the given stream has been fully processed into the sink and the sink has been flushed and closed. Read more
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fn split<Item>(self) -> (SplitSink<Self, Item>, SplitStream<Self>)
where Self: Sized + Sink<Item>,

Available on crate features sink and alloc only.
Splits this Stream + Sink object into separate Sink and Stream objects. Read more
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fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F>
where F: FnMut(&Self::Item), Self: Sized,

Do something with each item of this stream, afterwards passing it on. Read more
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fn left_stream<B>(self) -> Either<Self, B>
where B: Stream<Item = Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Wrap this stream in an Either stream, making it the left-hand variant of that Either. Read more
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fn right_stream<B>(self) -> Either<B, Self>
where B: Stream<Item = Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Wrap this stream in an Either stream, making it the right-hand variant of that Either. Read more
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fn poll_next_unpin(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>>
where Self: Unpin,

A convenience method for calling Stream::poll_next on Unpin stream types.
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fn select_next_some(&mut self) -> SelectNextSome<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin + FusedStream,

Returns a Future that resolves when the next item in this stream is ready. Read more
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impl<T> ToCompactString for T
where T: Display,

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impl<T> ToOwned for T
where T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T> ToString for T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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default fn to_string(&self) -> String

Converts the given value to a String. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<F, T, E> TryFuture for F
where F: Future<Output = Result<T, E>> + ?Sized,

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type Ok = T

The type of successful values yielded by this future
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type Error = E

The type of failures yielded by this future
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fn try_poll( self: Pin<&mut F>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<<F as Future>::Output>

Poll this TryFuture as if it were a Future. Read more
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impl<Fut> TryFutureExt for Fut
where Fut: TryFuture + ?Sized,

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fn flatten_sink<Item>(self) -> FlattenSink<Self, Self::Ok>
where Self::Ok: Sink<Item, Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature sink only.
Flattens the execution of this future when the successful result of this future is a Sink. Read more
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fn map_ok<T, F>(self, f: F) -> MapOk<Self, F>
where F: FnOnce(Self::Ok) -> T, Self: Sized,

Maps this future’s success value to a different value. Read more
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fn map_ok_or_else<T, E, F>(self, e: E, f: F) -> MapOkOrElse<Self, F, E>
where F: FnOnce(Self::Ok) -> T, E: FnOnce(Self::Error) -> T, Self: Sized,

Maps this future’s success value to a different value, and permits for error handling resulting in the same type. Read more
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fn map_err<E, F>(self, f: F) -> MapErr<Self, F>
where F: FnOnce(Self::Error) -> E, Self: Sized,

Maps this future’s error value to a different value. Read more
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fn err_into<E>(self) -> ErrInto<Self, E>
where Self: Sized, Self::Error: Into<E>,

Maps this future’s Error to a new error type using the Into trait. Read more
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fn ok_into<U>(self) -> OkInto<Self, U>
where Self: Sized, Self::Ok: Into<U>,

Maps this future’s Ok to a new type using the Into trait.
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fn and_then<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> AndThen<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnOnce(Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Executes another future after this one resolves successfully. The success value is passed to a closure to create this subsequent future. Read more
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fn or_else<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> OrElse<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnOnce(Self::Error) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Ok = Self::Ok>, Self: Sized,

Executes another future if this one resolves to an error. The error value is passed to a closure to create this subsequent future. Read more
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fn inspect_ok<F>(self, f: F) -> InspectOk<Self, F>
where F: FnOnce(&Self::Ok), Self: Sized,

Do something with the success value of a future before passing it on. Read more
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fn inspect_err<F>(self, f: F) -> InspectErr<Self, F>
where F: FnOnce(&Self::Error), Self: Sized,

Do something with the error value of a future before passing it on. Read more
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fn try_flatten(self) -> TryFlatten<Self, Self::Ok>
where Self::Ok: TryFuture<Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Flatten the execution of this future when the successful result of this future is another future. Read more
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fn try_flatten_stream(self) -> TryFlattenStream<Self>
where Self::Ok: TryStream<Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Flatten the execution of this future when the successful result of this future is a stream. Read more
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fn unwrap_or_else<F>(self, f: F) -> UnwrapOrElse<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnOnce(Self::Error) -> Self::Ok,

Unwraps this future’s output, producing a future with this future’s Ok type as its Output type. Read more
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fn into_future(self) -> IntoFuture<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Wraps a [TryFuture] into a type that implements Future. Read more
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fn try_poll_unpin( &mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>>
where Self: Unpin,

A convenience method for calling [TryFuture::try_poll] on Unpin future types.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<S, T, E> TryStream for S
where S: Stream<Item = Result<T, E>> + ?Sized,

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type Ok = T

The type of successful values yielded by this future
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type Error = E

The type of failures yielded by this future
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fn try_poll_next( self: Pin<&mut S>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Option<Result<<S as TryStream>::Ok, <S as TryStream>::Error>>>

Poll this TryStream as if it were a Stream. Read more
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impl<S> TryStreamExt for S
where S: TryStream + ?Sized,

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fn err_into<E>(self) -> ErrInto<Self, E>
where Self: Sized, Self::Error: Into<E>,

Wraps the current stream in a new stream which converts the error type into the one provided. Read more
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fn map_ok<T, F>(self, f: F) -> MapOk<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> T,

Wraps the current stream in a new stream which maps the success value using the provided closure. Read more
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fn map_err<E, F>(self, f: F) -> MapErr<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Error) -> E,

Wraps the current stream in a new stream which maps the error value using the provided closure. Read more
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fn and_then<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> AndThen<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Chain on a computation for when a value is ready, passing the successful results to the provided closure f. Read more
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fn or_else<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> OrElse<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Error) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Ok = Self::Ok>, Self: Sized,

Chain on a computation for when an error happens, passing the erroneous result to the provided closure f. Read more
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fn inspect_ok<F>(self, f: F) -> InspectOk<Self, F>
where F: FnMut(&Self::Ok), Self: Sized,

Do something with the success value of this stream, afterwards passing it on. Read more
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fn inspect_err<F>(self, f: F) -> InspectErr<Self, F>
where F: FnMut(&Self::Error), Self: Sized,

Do something with the error value of this stream, afterwards passing it on. Read more
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fn into_stream(self) -> IntoStream<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Wraps a [TryStream] into a type that implements Stream Read more
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fn try_next(&mut self) -> TryNext<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future that attempts to resolve the next item in the stream. If an error is encountered before the next item, the error is returned instead. Read more
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fn try_for_each<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> TryForEach<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Ok = (), Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Attempts to run this stream to completion, executing the provided asynchronous closure for each element on the stream. Read more
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fn try_skip_while<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> TrySkipWhile<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(&Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Ok = bool, Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Skip elements on this stream while the provided asynchronous predicate resolves to true. Read more
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fn try_take_while<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> TryTakeWhile<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(&Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Ok = bool, Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Take elements on this stream while the provided asynchronous predicate resolves to true. Read more
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fn try_for_each_concurrent<Fut, F>( self, limit: impl Into<Option<usize>>, f: F ) -> TryForEachConcurrent<Self, Fut, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>>, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Attempts to run this stream to completion, executing the provided asynchronous closure for each element on the stream concurrently as elements become available, exiting as soon as an error occurs. Read more
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fn try_collect<C>(self) -> TryCollect<Self, C>
where C: Default + Extend<Self::Ok>, Self: Sized,

Attempt to transform a stream into a collection, returning a future representing the result of that computation. Read more
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fn try_chunks(self, capacity: usize) -> TryChunks<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
An adaptor for chunking up successful items of the stream inside a vector. Read more
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fn try_ready_chunks(self, capacity: usize) -> TryReadyChunks<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
An adaptor for chunking up successful, ready items of the stream inside a vector. Read more
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fn try_filter<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> TryFilter<Self, Fut, F>
where Fut: Future<Output = bool>, F: FnMut(&Self::Ok) -> Fut, Self: Sized,

Attempt to filter the values produced by this stream according to the provided asynchronous closure. Read more
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fn try_filter_map<Fut, F, T>(self, f: F) -> TryFilterMap<Self, Fut, F>
where Fut: TryFuture<Ok = Option<T>, Error = Self::Error>, F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> Fut, Self: Sized,

Attempt to filter the values produced by this stream while simultaneously mapping them to a different type according to the provided asynchronous closure. Read more
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fn try_flatten_unordered( self, limit: impl Into<Option<usize>> ) -> TryFlattenUnordered<Self>
where Self::Ok: TryStream + Unpin, <Self::Ok as TryStream>::Error: From<Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Flattens a stream of streams into just one continuous stream. Produced streams will be polled concurrently and any errors will be passed through without looking at them. If the underlying base stream returns an error, it will be immediately propagated. Read more
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fn try_flatten(self) -> TryFlatten<Self>
where Self::Ok: TryStream, <Self::Ok as TryStream>::Error: From<Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Flattens a stream of streams into just one continuous stream. Read more
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fn try_fold<T, Fut, F>(self, init: T, f: F) -> TryFold<Self, Fut, T, F>
where F: FnMut(T, Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Ok = T, Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Attempt to execute an accumulating asynchronous computation over a stream, collecting all the values into one final result. Read more
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fn try_concat(self) -> TryConcat<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Ok: Extend<<Self::Ok as IntoIterator>::Item> + IntoIterator + Default,

Attempt to concatenate all items of a stream into a single extendable destination, returning a future representing the end result. Read more
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fn try_buffer_unordered(self, n: usize) -> TryBufferUnordered<Self>
where Self::Ok: TryFuture<Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Attempt to execute several futures from a stream concurrently (unordered). Read more
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fn try_buffered(self, n: usize) -> TryBuffered<Self>
where Self::Ok: TryFuture<Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Attempt to execute several futures from a stream concurrently. Read more
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fn try_poll_next_unpin( &mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>>>
where Self: Unpin,

A convenience method for calling [TryStream::try_poll_next] on Unpin stream types.
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fn into_async_read(self) -> IntoAsyncRead<Self>
where Self: Sized + TryStreamExt<Error = Error>, Self::Ok: AsRef<[u8]>,

Available on crate features io and std only.
Adapter that converts this stream into an AsyncBufRead. Read more
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fn try_all<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> TryAll<Self, Fut, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = bool>,

Attempt to execute a predicate over an asynchronous stream and evaluate if all items satisfy the predicate. Exits early if an Err is encountered or if an Ok item is found that does not satisfy the predicate. Read more
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fn try_any<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> TryAny<Self, Fut, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = bool>,

Attempt to execute a predicate over an asynchronous stream and evaluate if any items satisfy the predicate. Exits early if an Err is encountered or if an Ok item is found that satisfies the predicate. Read more
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impl<V, T> VZip<V> for T
where V: MultiLane<T>,

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fn vzip(self) -> V

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impl<T> WithSubscriber for T

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fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self>
where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
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fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self>

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
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impl<T> Formattable for T
where T: Deref, <T as Deref>::Target: Formattable,

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impl<N> NodeTrait for N
where N: Copy + Ord + Hash,

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impl<T> Parsable for T
where T: Deref, <T as Deref>::Target: Parsable,