pub struct Response<T> { /* private fields */ }
Expand description

Represents an HTTP response

An HTTP response consists of a head and a potentially optional body. The body component is generic, enabling arbitrary types to represent the HTTP body. For example, the body could be Vec<u8>, a Stream of byte chunks, or a value that has been deserialized.

Typically you’ll work with responses on the client side as the result of sending a Request and on the server you’ll be generating a Response to send back to the client.

Examples

Creating a Response to return

use http::{Request, Response, StatusCode};

fn respond_to(req: Request<()>) -> http::Result<Response<()>> {
    let mut builder = Response::builder()
        .header("Foo", "Bar")
        .status(StatusCode::OK);

    if req.headers().contains_key("Another-Header") {
        builder = builder.header("Another-Header", "Ack");
    }

    builder.body(())
}

A simple 404 handler

use http::{Request, Response, StatusCode};

fn not_found(_req: Request<()>) -> http::Result<Response<()>> {
    Response::builder()
        .status(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND)
        .body(())
}

Or otherwise inspecting the result of a request:

use http::{Request, Response};

fn get(url: &str) -> http::Result<Response<()>> {
    // ...
}

let response = get("https://www.rust-lang.org/").unwrap();

if !response.status().is_success() {
    panic!("failed to get a successful response status!");
}

if let Some(date) = response.headers().get("Date") {
    // we've got a `Date` header!
}

let body = response.body();
// ...

Deserialize a response of bytes via json:

use http::Response;
use serde::de;

fn deserialize<T>(res: Response<Vec<u8>>) -> serde_json::Result<Response<T>>
    where for<'de> T: de::Deserialize<'de>,
{
    let (parts, body) = res.into_parts();
    let body = serde_json::from_slice(&body)?;
    Ok(Response::from_parts(parts, body))
}

Or alternatively, serialize the body of a response to json

use http::Response;
use serde::ser;

fn serialize<T>(res: Response<T>) -> serde_json::Result<Response<Vec<u8>>>
    where T: ser::Serialize,
{
    let (parts, body) = res.into_parts();
    let body = serde_json::to_vec(&body)?;
    Ok(Response::from_parts(parts, body))
}

Implementations§

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impl Response<()>

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pub fn builder() -> Builder

Creates a new builder-style object to manufacture a Response

This method returns an instance of Builder which can be used to create a Response.

Examples
let response = Response::builder()
    .status(200)
    .header("X-Custom-Foo", "Bar")
    .body(())
    .unwrap();
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impl<T> Response<T>

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pub fn new(body: T) -> Response<T>

Creates a new blank Response with the body

The component ports of this response will be set to their default, e.g. the ok status, no headers, etc.

Examples
let response = Response::new("hello world");

assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
assert_eq!(*response.body(), "hello world");
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pub fn from_parts(parts: Parts, body: T) -> Response<T>

Creates a new Response with the given head and body

Examples
let response = Response::new("hello world");
let (mut parts, body) = response.into_parts();

parts.status = StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST;
let response = Response::from_parts(parts, body);

assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
assert_eq!(*response.body(), "hello world");
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pub fn status(&self) -> StatusCode

Returns the StatusCode.

Examples
let response: Response<()> = Response::default();
assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
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pub fn status_mut(&mut self) -> &mut StatusCode

Returns a mutable reference to the associated StatusCode.

Examples
let mut response: Response<()> = Response::default();
*response.status_mut() = StatusCode::CREATED;
assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
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pub fn version(&self) -> Version

Returns a reference to the associated version.

Examples
let response: Response<()> = Response::default();
assert_eq!(response.version(), Version::HTTP_11);
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pub fn version_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Version

Returns a mutable reference to the associated version.

Examples
let mut response: Response<()> = Response::default();
*response.version_mut() = Version::HTTP_2;
assert_eq!(response.version(), Version::HTTP_2);
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pub fn headers(&self) -> &HeaderMap<HeaderValue>

Returns a reference to the associated header field map.

Examples
let response: Response<()> = Response::default();
assert!(response.headers().is_empty());
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pub fn headers_mut(&mut self) -> &mut HeaderMap<HeaderValue>

Returns a mutable reference to the associated header field map.

Examples
let mut response: Response<()> = Response::default();
response.headers_mut().insert(HOST, HeaderValue::from_static("world"));
assert!(!response.headers().is_empty());
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pub fn extensions(&self) -> &Extensions

Returns a reference to the associated extensions.

Examples
let response: Response<()> = Response::default();
assert!(response.extensions().get::<i32>().is_none());
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pub fn extensions_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Extensions

Returns a mutable reference to the associated extensions.

Examples
let mut response: Response<()> = Response::default();
response.extensions_mut().insert("hello");
assert_eq!(response.extensions().get(), Some(&"hello"));
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pub fn body(&self) -> &T

Returns a reference to the associated HTTP body.

Examples
let response: Response<String> = Response::default();
assert!(response.body().is_empty());
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pub fn body_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Returns a mutable reference to the associated HTTP body.

Examples
let mut response: Response<String> = Response::default();
response.body_mut().push_str("hello world");
assert!(!response.body().is_empty());
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pub fn into_body(self) -> T

Consumes the response, returning just the body.

Examples
let response = Response::new(10);
let body = response.into_body();
assert_eq!(body, 10);
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pub fn into_parts(self) -> (Parts, T)

Consumes the response returning the head and body parts.

Examples
let response: Response<()> = Response::default();
let (parts, body) = response.into_parts();
assert_eq!(parts.status, StatusCode::OK);
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pub fn map<F, U>(self, f: F) -> Response<U>where F: FnOnce(T) -> U,

Consumes the response returning a new response with body mapped to the return type of the passed in function.

Examples
let response = Response::builder().body("some string").unwrap();
let mapped_response: Response<&[u8]> = response.map(|b| {
  assert_eq!(b, "some string");
  b.as_bytes()
});
assert_eq!(mapped_response.body(), &"some string".as_bytes());

Trait Implementations§

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impl<T> Debug for Response<T>where T: Debug,

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl<T> Default for Response<T>where T: Default,

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fn default() -> Response<T>

Returns the “default value” for a type. Read more

Auto Trait Implementations§

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impl<T> !RefUnwindSafe for Response<T>

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impl<T> Send for Response<T>where T: Send,

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impl<T> Sync for Response<T>where T: Sync,

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impl<T> Unpin for Response<T>where T: Unpin,

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impl<T> !UnwindSafe for Response<T>

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for Twhere T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<'a, T, E> AsTaggedExplicit<'a, E> for Twhere T: 'a,

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fn explicit(self, class: Class, tag: u32) -> TaggedParser<'a, Explicit, Self, E>

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impl<'a, T, E> AsTaggedImplicit<'a, E> for Twhere T: 'a,

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fn implicit( self, class: Class, constructed: bool, tag: u32 ) -> TaggedParser<'a, Implicit, Self, E>

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impl<T> Borrow<T> for Twhere T: ?Sized,

const: unstable · source§

fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere T: ?Sized,

const: unstable · source§

fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

const: unstable · source§

fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<T> Instrument for T

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fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the provided [Span], returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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fn in_current_span(self) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the current Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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impl<T, U> Into<U> for Twhere U: From<T>,

const: unstable · source§

fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<T> Pointable for T

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const ALIGN: usize = mem::align_of::<T>()

The alignment of pointer.
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type Init = T

The type for initializers.
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unsafe fn init(init: <T as Pointable>::Init) -> usize

Initializes a with the given initializer. Read more
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unsafe fn deref<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a T

Dereferences the given pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn deref_mut<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a mut T

Mutably dereferences the given pointer. Read more
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unsafe fn drop(ptr: usize)

Drops the object pointed to by the given pointer. Read more
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impl<T> Same<T> for T

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type Output = T

Should always be Self
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for Twhere U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
const: unstable · source§

fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for Twhere U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
const: unstable · source§

fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<V, T> VZip<V> for Twhere V: MultiLane<T>,

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fn vzip(self) -> V

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impl<T> WithSubscriber for T

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fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self> where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
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fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self>

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more